Guides

Nocturne Op. 27 No. 1: opening chords and form

C♯ minor101 bars4/4LarghettoLevel 6 of 84-page PDF

Form

A1–18
A′19–28
B29–48
C49–64
D65–80
T81–83
A″84–93
Coda94–101

A theme, C♯ minorA′ theme with a second voiceB più mossoC A♭ majorD D♭ major, then CT climax and cadenzaA″ theme returnsCoda C♯ major

Bars 1–6 in C♯ minor

bar 1C♯mi
bar 2C♯mi
bar 3C♯miC♯7V⁷/iv
bar 4C♯7V⁷/ivF♯miv
bar 5D♭II
bar 6C♯miB7V⁷/III

Sections

A (1–18): the theme

Over Chopin's bare fifths the theme reaches F♯ minor (iv) through C♯⁷, moves to D major, the Neapolitan ♭II, and returns to C♯ minor with no dominant between.

B (29–48): più mosso

The più mosso moves to 3/4, V⁷ and i alternate and then repeat a fourth higher while Chopin's bass climbs a step per bar, and bars 45–48 cadence in E major.

C and D (49–80): A♭, D♭, C

Bars 49–52 cadence in A♭ major, the dominant G♯ respelled as A♭. D♭ major follows at bar 65. Bar 72 pivots to C major, and bars 73–77 repeat bars 65–69 a half step lower.

T (81–83): the climax

B♯°⁷, vii°⁷ of C♯ minor, holds at fff. Bar 83 reaches V⁷, and a cadenza runs down that dominant into the theme.

Coda (94–101): C♯ major

At bar 94 the tonic takes E♯, its major third, and keeps it, and the last chords are F♯ (IV), then C♯ with F♯ in place of E♯, then C♯ major.

Study edition

Partial analysis: opening bars and a short note on each section. The full breakdown of every section is in the study edition of Nocturne in C♯ minor.

Where it sits among the other twenty is in the nocturnes ranked by difficulty, the method for learning it from these chords is in how to memorize a Chopin nocturne, harmony first, and the left-hand pattern under it is measured in Chopin’s left-hand patterns, ranked by stretch.